Segmentation Essay Example for Free

Segmentation testMarket segmentation is where marketers split the market into groups with similarities that would make it easy to goat their product to the consumers, if they do non do this then they could waste money and time on tar trounceing the wrong hoi polloi. The comp both would be difficult to maximise their sales so that they toilette gain as much money as possible. development market segmentation could mean a business could gain a commercial advantage as they would be advertising to a specific audience, they would be matching tar remove audience and the product effectively. Demographics argon where the companies target market would be to a group because of their Gender, age, race/nationality, family size, occupation and education. For example McDonalds labour skilful meals to children because they would keep bugging their p bents to take them to get them it. Geographics argon where the companies target market would be to a group because of where they live, for example an expensive store wouldnt come to Burnley because most of the residents atomic number 18 working path and striket take over a lot of money.Psychographics are where the companies target market would be to a group because of personality, lifestyle and interests. For example subway would advertise to spate with a healthy lifestyle. These segmentation methods are used to split up the market so business can find the perfect target market, if companies didnt use these methods then the companies wouldnt have a secure understanding of the people they are trying to advertise to.ACORN or A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods, is used to segment the market into assorted classifications, the classifications are split up into 5 categories, which are Wealthy Achievers wealthy people who already have good, well-paid jobs, Urban Prosperity wealthy people who are aspiring to have good, well-paid jobs, Comfortably Off people arent particularly wealthy but have a decent sized house etcetera Hard Pressed lower classed people, who are live in naughty rise flats etc. declare Means working class people, live in terraces. A nonher method of segmentation the public are is a system created by Experian called Mosaic, this assigns people to groups based on their post code, neighbourhood etc. and it makes assumptions some peoples likes, dislikes and lifestyles based on their postcode area. A Career professionals animate in sought after locations B Younger families living in newer homes C Older families living in suburbia D Close-knit, national city and manufacturing town communities E Educated, youth, single people living in areas of transient come inulations F nation living in social housing with uncertain employment in deprived areas G downhearted income families living in estate based social housing H Upwardly mobile families living in homes bought from social landlords I Older people living in social housing with high care needs J I ndependent older people with comparatively active lifestyles K plurality living in rural areas far from urbanisationMcDonalds target markets are happy meals, saver calling card, dish out sizes, fillet oFish, breakfast and hot drinks the happy meal is targeted towards children as they leave alone use tap power to make their parents take them to McDonalds. They sell small portions that contain a healthy snack and you get a free illumination in them, the toy is themed towards a childrens cartoon film, they normally advertise on nickelodeon, cartoon network and Disney channel because thats what most children watch.They advertise after 3 oclock because thats when most children get home from school as if they advertised before 3 oclock then not a lot of children would see it the happy meal would in any case hold the elderly as they wont be able to eat a outsized meal. The saver menu would suit students and people who dont have a lot of money it would suit students as they wont have to go past a lot of money on the larger meals and they can spend it more crucial things or going out at the weekend. It would suit people who dont have a lot of money as they are relatively small portions and it is only 99p for a burger so it is a cheap.The portion sizes would be good for when people who arent particularly hungry or they are really hungry, as if they arent hungry they can get a medium meal, If they are really hungry they can get the large meals. This is good as it creates more of a target market for McDonalds to attract. The Fillet oFish as people who dont like eating meat can get this instead of just getting chips, this is good as well as it McDonalds look like they are family orientated and they dont turn tail anyone out.The McDonalds breakfast suits people who have to get up early as they do normal breakfast meals instead of a burger they could get sausage or something else. The hot drinks are good for when it is winter as people wont want cold drinks as they would want warm drinks like drinking chocolate or hot chocolate etc. McDonalds will have a variety of different targets for their products and services. 4 examples can look at Families Families are targets as when families go out, they normally go to places that the kids will approve as if the kids arent happy, then parents will not be happy as they will be seeing their children unsatisfied with where they are.McDonalds will advertise all they can to make it look more likable to all generations of families, These services aim towards providing friendly environments for the customers to have fun at and enjoy meals at low-cost prices. They will be close families, as they will be chideing places with the idea of where is best desirable for the kids and themselves to enjoy themselves. The gender is not again specific as families could be of mixed gender. The age roll up will be from 1+ as a nice little outing to McDonalds with the family is ever so nice.Parents with Children parents with children will take their child to McDonalds to give their children a treat. This is a product that McDonalds has produced to attract children surrounded by the ages of 1-10, as it has a free toy with the meal it is aiming to attract children and not only will the aliment be a treat but they will also get a free toy to play with. The target markets for happy meals is the parents buying their children food will be identified as young children ranging from ages of 1-10 as the toys that come with the happy meals look suitable for children of that age.Teenagers Teenagers usually have limits to how much they can spend on food, As they may have limited pocket money or more important ideas of something they may want to purchase so cannot afford to spend their money on fast food. This is wherefore they are attracted to the saver menu, the saver menu is where you can buy food for a reasonably price. similarly teenagers are known to be the main users of social networking sites and users of the internet, so the idea of free WIFI gateway available in their restaurants is also another way to attract people to their restaurants.So, the target market for the saver menu will be identified as someone who wants to enjoy McDonalds at an cheap price and the target market for the free wifi will be mainly teenagers as a stop at a restaurant for a quick check of their social networking sites will bewitch them to buy something quick to enjoy whilst they are in the store. The age range for both the saver menu and WI-FI will be from 16+ as people from the age of 16 + are identified to be the age range of social networking sites and the saver menu is for everyone.Local Workers Whilst on their breaks local workers may pop in to the closest McDonalds, they have nearest to them to have a hot meal as its usually served very quickly and this makes it very efficient for the workers as they may have a unequal break. The lifestyle of these regular workers will be grumpy as they are working and may not have enough time in mornings to prepare dinner before they leave so they visit cafe/restaurants that are close by to eat in at and then head back end to work.Also, they will need reasonable prices as they may have budgets for their dinner/meals. Gender of local workers will also not be specific in this case as you can be of any gender to have a job. The age range will be that of 18+ to about 65, as 18 is the age you most people start working and usually people retire at 65 and are not likely to be regular customers, as fast food places as due to being older than maybe teenagers, they have to be more careful with their diets as they can be more affected easily health wise with regular takeaway consuming.A billet Person a business person will visit McDonalds during the morning, maybe for a brew or the breakfast, Also their food can be eaten in a vehicle without it affecting a take work schedule, as they can use the drive thru, McDonalds have many drive thrus which is a service that makes it efficient for people that may not have enough time to eat in to enjoy their products in their vehicles.The target market for a drive thru will be busy people that do not have enough time to eat in. The gender for business customers will be both male and female as in the modern world. The age range of established and busy business people is most likely to be about 30+.

Impact of Tax Essay Example for Free

Impact of Tax EssayIncome levy revenue is a tool to achieve scotch increase in any country. Income tax is accepted not only as a means of acme the required public revenue, but also as an essential fiscal instrument for managing the economy (Burgess, 1993). Of altogether the taxing administrations, income tax plays a major role in generation of revenue and distribution of income in any country. If income taxation is poorly designed, it may lead to fiscal imbalance, insufficient tax revenue and distortions in resource allocation that can reduce economic welfare and growth (World Bank, 1991). Hence, an ideal tax system would achieve a balance between resource allocation, income distribution and economic stabilization (Lewis, 1984). Patterns of income taxation (both in level and in composition) differ from country to country because of economic, cultural and historical factors. Ratios of tax revenue to earn domestic product (GDP) in developing countries are typically in the range of 15 to 20%, compared with 30% in industrialized nations (World Bank, 1991). It is also established that countries have divergent approaches to tax administration.Maisto (1988) stated that irrelevant approaches towards the subject matter have been shown by the tax authorities of different countries because of their diverging interests. An optimal tax rate has to compromise between the states revenue and its economic teaching. A high tax rate would deter saving and development, plot a lower tax rate would lead to little revenue to the state. A tax addressly influences the savings of individuals and companies it is a double edged sword utilise to curtail consumption activity and at the same time, allows the taxpayer to save money in different development activities (Swami, 1995).The income tax financing the current social security benefits such as health, security and provision of utilities draws heavily upon income that otherwisewise would have been saved. Instead of accumulating capital, this income goes to social security transfers which are probably consumed (Boadway, 1982). Bartik (1994a and b) suggested that a 10% expectant of taxes would raise employment and investment between 1 and 6%. World Bank periodically relates that economic development is directly correlated to the level of taxation, more so in developing nations where the lower peripheral tax rates have higher economic growth.In addition, policy makers in these countries have a keen interest in the elasticity of economic activity with respect to taxes, suggesting that states and regions are interested in manipulating their tax systems in an attempt to attract business or to foster growth (Wasylenko, 1997). On the other hand, income tax rates are increased due to factors such as enormous reduction in the purchasing power of money, heavy tax erosion, urgent need for yield and dynamic public disbursement (Fossati, 1992).While dealing with the effects of income tax rates (ITR) on e conomic reforms, Henry and William (1996) suggested that one should try the desirability of reform proposals and the tinct of such reforms on individuals and businesses as a whole. They further stated that ITR transform would revolve around three factors the tax base, allowable deductions and economic development. While dealing with the ITR, it is suggested that one should development the effects created by these rates, especially the impact of ITR on economic growth (Holger, 2003). Various governments have different approaches and methods of fixing the ITR.The french Government recently introduced preferential tax treatment by reduced ITR for fresh innovative companies completely based on the economic growth. The scheme was originally proposed to the State by French biotechnology as a way to rapid and strong economic growth (European Chemical News, 2004). Martin and George (2003) analyse several tax rates and expenditure categories and concluded that the tax system has a dir ect impact on the growth rate of the economy of a country. Long-term economic growth has a direct link with the countrys tax policy (John and Pamela, 2003). Fixation of ITR may be based on different systems of taxation.Akira (2003) demonstrated that a flat rate wage tax stimulated economic growth, while interest income taxation did not foster such growth. Tetsuo (2003) suggested that taxation based on environmental pollution factors results in two contradicting issues such as reduction in production and increase in tax revenue, but in the long run, this system will help the healthy economic growth for early generations. Olhoft (2003) is of the opinion that spending millions of taxpayers money on tax breaks and tax incentives is most likely a lead astray strategy for any State when the State is in budget deficit.

The Melancholy In John Steinbecks Books Essay Example for Free

The Melancholy In John Steinbecks Books seeThe melancholic hussar was set in the 19th century in 1801. This was a time were woman had no lives of there own and this shows the character of Phyllis in melancholy hussar. Phylliss father treats her as an object. She is not free to do what ever she wants because she is a woman. Thomas hardy illustrates the role of woman in the melancholy hussar (1801).Woman had no role in society and women were genuinely unimportant.Steinbeck had written his story during the American depression in the 1930. sprightliness was very hard for men and woman because of migration, unemployment, rootlessness and instability. All these had made people very angry and this had caused racism. Crooks in of mice and men also had a very hard life because he was black. Crooks wasnt wanted near the white-hot men, which had led to racism. On page 100, crooks says to Lennie I aint wanted in the bunkhouse and u aint wanted in my room, Lennie replied wherefore aint you wanted in the bunk house BECAUSE IM BLACK. This had shown through text that racism was very natural.Both of these books had difference in their texts. Curly had the most power over every one in of mice and men. In melancholy hussar Phyllis father had power over Phyllis.In melancholy hussar, the Napoleonic fight was going on. The Napoleonic war was when France was at war against England. Germany were allies with England so Germany had sent some of their soldiers but the German soldiers had felt mazed and lonely because they did not no English and they had no English friends to communicate with. This is what also had made them very homesick.