The Fallacy of the American Dream. The Reservation Cab Driver and Essay

The Fallacy of the American Dream. The reserve Cab Driver and Mexicans Begin Jogging - assay ExampleOf the 300 million American citizens, close to 50 million of them do not hurl basic health insurance. This is such(prenominal) a travesty in a country that is the sole superpower and the most prosperous. With the onset of the latest episode of economic recession, the unemployment rate has touched an alarming 10 percent. The master(prenominal) characters in the two poems have highly insecure jobs and barely scrap-by for a living. animateness hand-to-mouth on a perennial basis, the attainment of American Dream is a distant and implausible reality for these people. The Reservation Cab Driver is a man of Native Indian origin, whose rickety Malibu 65 also multiply up as his house. His rights for a basic social security blanket are taken extraneous by the same government agencies such as Bureau of Indian Affairs and HUD, that were meant to provide benefits. Living a nomadic life as a Reservation Cab Driver and working 24 hours a day he cannot yet earn a subsistence wage. His condition typifies the status of Native Indians as a whole. Once the rightful inhabitants of the vast American continent, the arrival of European colonizers put an end to their composed existence. Ever since, nearly the entire population of Native Indians have been wiped out, with few remaining descendants such as the Reservation Cab Driver still struggling for survival. (Alexie, 2011, p.173)

The effectiveness of human resource management in improving Dissertation

The effectiveness of human resource charge in up organizational performance - Dissertation ExampleThis present question study will apply the inquiring inquiry methods because there are other available previous research studies that focused on a rather similar objective as this present research study. Secondly, the investigative research methods will be appropriate because this present study seeks to test or confirm some of the hypothesis that will be presented. According to the writings by Khan, an aspect that is of great significance in this research project is the research method that shows the kinds of strategies that the researcher employed to attain the research objectives. There are various types of investigative research methods that can be employed, and the most common are experiments, case studies, survey, theoretical perspectives, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. However, it is skilful to examine the case study method and the survey method since they are applie d in this concomitant research project. Survey is an important investigative research method that was relevant while stomaching this research. OLeary noted that surveys lease the collection of a large amount of entropy from a large population. This implies that the researcher can conduct surveys and question specific groups of people to obtain large amount of information relevant to the subject of the survey. teddy study is an investigative research method that involves investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon in the certain life situation using multiple sources of evidence like financial statements. More elaborate chronicle on the nature of the case study as a research method was given by Dick (2005, p. 78) who viewed case study as a representation of a specific way of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data. The case study research method has been applied in this present research project in sense that the study uses Accenture Plc as the case study to investig ate the effectiveness of human resource management in improving organizational

Response 3 Fielding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response 3 Fielding - look for ExampleIn addition, I vehemently propose that since the story of the novel revolves around the Parson Abraham Adams, the backup of the novel should have been after the name of the parson.Joseph Andrews is thought to be the protagonist of the novel due to the very fact that the story starts and ends concentrating upon him. Moreover, he is the person whose refusal to the advancements of Lady Booby gives the go to the circumstances. In addition, he undergoes various(a) financial losses and physical torture, faces mental sufferings and troubles during his adventures on his way as soon as he is dismissed from his job. Further, he is the character of the novel that combines different scenes of novel and has relationships with all other characters including his sister Pamela, his woman of the street Lady Booby, his mentor Parson Adams, his childhood friend and beloved Fanny, his co-worker Mrs. Slipslop and his parents Mrs. & Mr. Wilson as well as his patt erns and benefactors i.e. the Andrews. Even then the dominant role played and performed by the parson makes him as the central imagine of the novel.The sacrifices made by the parson and the sympathies and love offered by him are beyond any doubt. It is reality that he had no concern with either Joseph Andrews or Lady Booby, nor he was a rich person having profit or wealth in plenty. Moreover, he had no political plans in his mind, nor he was a mixer reformer at all. Even then, he appears to the limelight to stand by the hero Joseph Andrews to rescue him in his miseries. Parson Adams has set out on a journey to deliver as well as sell the sermons in order to get some money in the pursuit of earning some money, scarcely unfortunately the most innocent character of the novel i.e. Parson Adams forgets his sermons at his house and has no make to accompany Joseph in his miseries and troubles. Instead of

Curriculum for the gifted Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Curriculum for the gifted - Essay ExampleA major shift in the curriculum figure of speech for the gifted was introduced by Van Tassel-Baska and Little when they suggested that the curriculum design should be a performance-based model which gives emphasis on the level of functioning of the individual to determine whether he is ready to go up the next level (Chapter 1 - Curriculum for the gifted Past, present and in store(predicate) directions). This sore development changed the view that the curriculum should have an optimal match with the characteristic of the gifted learner. With this new approach therefore, the curriculum design becomes more responsive to the needs of the gifted learner.There are several(prenominal) issues in developing a curriculum for gifted learners. A major issue which confronts a instructor in developing a curriculum for the gifted is that not all gifted learners are a exchangeable with regards to their characteristics and needs (Chapter 2 - Curriculum de sign issues in developing a curriculum for the gifted). The background of the student, like income level, moldiness be taken into consideration so that the curriculum can be adapted accordingly. some other issue that faces the curriculum developer is the choice of content and the process design (Chapter 2 - Curriculum design issues in developing a curriculum for the gifted). A decision has to be made on whether the topic willing be of interest to the gifted. The content should be meaningful and challenging enough so that the students will be interested to explore it. The teacher who will be discussing the topic must be appropriately learned of the topic, else the gifted student might lose interest in it. The strategy to be used in teaching the content is another issue that must be tackled by the instructor of gifted individuals. A single strategy may not work for all learners. The issue is determining what combination of strategies must be applied so that the gifted learners get t he maximum benefit from the curriculum (Chapter 2 -

Defeating Diabetes one step at a time- the Alpha Gamma Delta Essay

Defeating Diabetes one step at a time- the Alpha Gamma Delta Foundation - Essay ExampleAccording to the American Diabetes Association, nearly 23.6 million mess representing 8% of population be diabetic which is increasingly becoming a cause of growing mention and hence in dire need of strong and prompt action. It is in the light of these facts that I reckon to take up the cause and help make a difference to the society of which we all are a part of.The cause need to be popularized done media as come up as through word of mouth, so as to cause awareness about this critical issue and touch the lives of millions of muckle worldwide by spreading the word. With a host of opportunities available today, especially with the growth of internet and its uprising popularity among the young and the old alike, the cause could be conveniently propagated through blogs, social networking sites, video uploading sites, as well as through other forms of media such as T.V and news advertisements. In order to make a difference you need to have a vision a vision that inspires change. They say that you need to be the change you want to see and to suffice Id like to quote these lines Maybe I will never be, All the things that Id like to be, this instant is not the time to cry, Now is the time to find out why

Sam 489 unit 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sam 489 unit 6 - Assignment ExampleResponse agencies such as the fire department, the police, the red cross team and otherwise medic teams communicate using wireless frequency whose signal is unlikely to be jammed by the type of disaster as nearly as it can still be used where mobile network is unclear. They mostly use mulct codes which they have been trained on in order to speed up communication and prevent other parties from understanding their discussion for security purposes depending on the disaster they are responding to.Communication amongst these agencies is important for coordination purposes. For example in a fire disaster, the firefighters communicate with the medics about bring in a victim and the present physical condition of the victim. The medics will be prepared with the necessary equipment and hence attend to the individual without wasting every precious time. Communication among the agencies speeds up help as well as makes response run swimmingly and faster he nce saving more time and property (Perry & Lindell,

How Setting Goals Lead to Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 19

How Setting Goals guide to Success - Essay ExampleGoal passelting is one of the most likely natural things that we do as humans. We tend to move from one region to the other with goals. The ch totallyenge is that most people bombard to harness the power of it fully. Therefore, I learned that there is a magic in lotting goals. much specifically, a written down goals is essential towards my advantage as the writing clarifies my thoughts. It helps in committing towards something that I am passionate about, be it in the short term or the long run. Therefore, a well-written goal instils the rapture on how to move forward having the goal in mind (Rouillard, 2010).Goals give a direction in all areas of success, be it in personal life or career. It gives a purpose to carry on with a particular proposition task. Working on a well-set goal gives hope and determination to survey in all activities. Without goals, it is rather difficult to focus and to have a direction in a particular tas k. Therefore, goal setting provides a benchmark for determining whether one is succeeding or not. A well-set goal is a secret to success. As the saying goes, a goal well set is halfway accomplished (Rouillard, 2010). Setting goals is the foremost and the most important step towards any achievement in life. The action level, as well as the action itself, stands as the catalyst to turn a particular goal, which is inert, into something that is dynamic. Therefore, to realize the objectives, it is recommendable to know how to set the goals. It is not a matter of merely saying, I want it, and it happens all of a sudden. Goal setting starts with a careful consideration of what should be achieved and ends with hard work in the process of obtaining it. At the intermediate, there are rules that one has to embrace to make the set goals a success (Rouillard, 2010). The rules noted as follows. At the foremost, it is important to set a goal that motives a person. It is substantial that the set g oal is valuable to the setter, and similarly, there should be an interest in the outcome. It is important to set goals that relate to the uplifted priorities in life. Without such focus, it is possible to end up with too many goals leaving less meter to devote to each objective. Hence, goal achievement needs a commitment to maximizing the likelihood of success.

Commuication at Diageo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Commuication at Diageo - Case Study ExampleThe details of the midland discourse strategies by Diageo, as discussed in the case study, show that the only the different strategies implemented were almostly focused on the change management issues after the merger. One of the reasons for Diageos internal communication to be no-hit is because both the upward and downward communication within the company is made easily possible (Ramgopal, 2008).The companys communication activities atomic number 18 in direct contact with strategies and plans therefore Diageo sees every communication that is done is to achieve its personal credit line objectives. This is because even if on the whole the top level management makes Diageos business goals and objectives, it is the internal communication bidding that enables these goals to stagger within the organization (Armstrong, 2006). According to the case study, all the leaders in the company are back up to think of communication as a tool, wh ich endure play a role in achieving the companys goals. some other initiative in the communication process by Diageo, according to the case study, is the amount of information delivered to the employees. Employees at Diageo are informed intimately their role at the wider sense of the business. This helps in motivating the employee and once once again implementing the concept of unification under the brand name.Another initiative in the internal communication process is the introductio... It has quarterly meetings through teleconferences and short period conferences. 12 top executives of Diageo participate in these meetings. In these meetings leaders community is the object of discussion and reform (Duncan, 2007). There are over 800 managers who are part of the leadership community at Diageo. At the leadership community they attain introduced many new innovative ideas that can enhance the internal communication process at Diageo. These ideas include use of a new and originativ e buddy system - where all the top level managers and executives are teamed up with communications team. Each of them are assigned a buddy a communication guy. This can help in improving the communications skills of all those managers and executives. Then there is in any case the biweekly update that is sent to the whole community (Robbins, 2009). That update is about all business developments and achievements, and is sent to the whole group by email, according to the case study. This helps in retentivity all the leaders in the loop and once again imposing the brand building of the Diageo. This fortnightly update can also play a great role in the motivation of all the leadership community. Another tool to support the leadership community is through the companys own intranet. This is perhaps the most cost effective and simple way to keep the leadership community with over 800 members together and effectively in touch. According to the case study the intra net is password protecte d. Each member of the community have access to the information according to his or hers respective designation at Diageo (Clark, 2008). There are also many different activities at the leadership community

Respond to classmates-Sexuality Around the World Essay

Respond to classmates-Sexuality Around the World - Essay congresswomanFor example, homo cozyity is openly condemned in many African countries and viewed as an act against African customs. Specifically, a sub-Saharan country, Uganda, has been pushing for a legislative action against homo verseds dubbed Kill the Gays Bill by the media (Sharlet, 2010). This high criminalization of an thought of sexuality instills fear and degrades sense of belonging when homosexuals have to leave their countries for fear of being incarcerated or killed so to speak.Societies and governments can essentially play a vital role in reducing sexual dysfunctions. They take in to consider individual differences in sexual orientation, personality, character, sexual needs, and sexual interests. Expecting all persons to exhibit the same sexual behavior is ignorant to the actual environment within which people are brought up. Sexuality freedom should be upheld.Countries around the world approach sexuality from di verse and dynamic points of view. Your focus on Indonesia is very enlightening and country-specific, thus highlighting sexuality in an intensive and extensive approach. The highlights you have presented about Indonesia are share by many other countries worldwide. For instance, in many Middle East and African countries, women are there to be seen and not heard. Ultimately, their self-esteem is highly affected subject to sexuality and sexual performance.Beading of girls is a common practice among the Samburu people of the Kenyan communities in East Africa (Parkinson, Phillips, & Gourlay, 2006). Young girls engage in sexual activities with older men, resulting in the belief that their sexual behavior is best designed for the older males in the community. Notably, pocket-sized marriages are common alongside female genital mutilation (Parkinson, Phillips, & Gourlay, 2006). These practices often result in sexual go for and arousal implications relative to what the young girls are mad e to believe and

Social Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Security - Research Paper typesetters caseThis paper supports the view that affectionate guarantor should not be privatized. Supporting points The very first causality not to privatize social warrantor system this go forth hinder the realization of the social security objectives and goals. This implies that over the next forty seven years, privatization is liable(predicate) to reduce the make headway levels by 44% as comp bed to the level of 2005 (Max, 2005). In addition, Max, (2005) tells us that implementation of privatization system is expensive. The costs that would be spent in the passage process when coming up with sassy personal account and continuing to offer benefits to recipients of social security would require about $2 trillion. Privatization of social security will as well hurt the parsimony. As pointed out by Orszag and Diamond (2005) this is because the high costs would be involved in the privatizing the accounts be likely to reduce the growth of eco nomy (Orszag and Diamond, 2005). This implies that social security fund would be destabilized. Centralized deficits and debts will increase as a result of privatizing social security. These are likely to reduce long-term growth of the economy and the amount of the funds that is available for retirement of booming new generation. The Center on Budget and insurance Priorities carried out an analysis which showed that the Presidents proposal was to add $1 trillion in the new federal budget while implementing privatization in the first decade. The following decade was to use 3.5 trillion and frequently more trillions afterward. Accordingly, this would hurt the economy badly as noted by Orszag and Diamond (2005). The fact that ill-tempered insurance covers such as disability and survivors insurance which are offered by social security will decline when the private accounts become operational is a notable reason to oppose privatization. As explained by Max (2005) privatizing social sec urity also means that retirement funds are put on the stock market. This weakens the system of theme retirement through potentially risky savings. The retirement savings are moved from a simple and an easy structure into a complex structure of investment that has a portfolio and shares of stock market which are not easy to understand and more risky to deal with. In addition, disproportionate returns are created by private accounts because individuals with higher income have more money and their risks for investment yields are higher as compared to workers who have low and moderate income. Some countries have witnessed negative effects of privatizing their national retirement schemes. For example, in the United Kingdom, the private retirement account started in 1988 and averagely 43% of the return on their investments is spent on marketing fees and management costs (Krugman, 2004). This means much of fund which is supposed to benefit contributors is used to run the privatized social security system. Such a scenario should be avoided completely. In his argument against privatization of social security Max (2005) warns that during an economic crisis, privatization is very disastrous to people who make their contributions to the social security. The households lose intimately of their properties when there is an economic crisis because their investments are traded on the stock exchange. Banks are enriched by

Professional report about an issue pertaining Essay

Professional report approximately an issue pertaining - Essay ExampleHowever, agate line firms wealthy person often been witnessed to overlook the aspect of ethical being or their Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) while execution their organisational operations. For instance, marketers often make illusionary comments to persuade the customers, manufacturers often release harmful chemicals and elements in the open surround which affects the social and the eco-system of earth. The intention behind performing such wrong doings by organisations is mostly connect to the realisation of huge profit in a short span of time. This not only harms the fellowship at large but also has a strong effect on the companys reputation and goodwill (Sharma, 2010). Subsequently, ethical performance is kinda imperative in the case of an apparel company, specially when it is operating on multinational dais. It is because customer loyalty and their interest signify stimulated growth for the com panies transaction with products similar to apparel. With this point of view, the paper shall intend to analyse the situation and identify the consequences most probable to top in the near future. Conclusively, the paper shall also suggest current preliminary measures to overcome the identified challenges. A Situational Analysis In managerial terms Business Ethics is often referred to as an oxymoron, i.e. it brings two or more conflicting issues together in order to obtain an in-depth understanding to what is right and wrong for the transmission line and the society as well. However, in the realistic practices the organisational leaders have over and over again been discovered to rant the issue of business ethics as a mere management concept sooner than one of the most signifi merchant shipt and uncompromising issues (Crane & Matten, 2007). With this concern, few ethical issues related to the apparel company can be identified in their supply-chain arrangements. For instance, one of the major suppliers of the company has been recorded to continue performing unethical practices in its South African branch. The allegations recorded against the company were emitting harmful toxic effluents into river, dumping needles, razors, caustic papa and other detrimental ingredients in the local municipality dumps. As a result, child rag-pickers of the neighbourhood have complained about breathing troubles, visionary problems and skin diseases. With an overall perspective, it is seemed that the consequences of the ethical practices performed by the supplier cannot affect the organisational operations. But with an in-depth analysis, it is quite identifiable that the impact can directly influence the growth of the company. Moreover, it can also affect the intact apparel industry as it is associated with several other large companies. Hence, it is quite essential to adapt certain precautionary measures in order to eradicate the consequences. It is in this context, that or ganisations should pay equal attention to both the aspects of business practices and the cultural expectations. To be mentioned, there are various initiatives undertaken by business firms in multiple regions. For example, 34 different nations have been recorded to join their hands in order to enforce the Foreign bobble

Book Review on The Consolations of Philosophy Essay

moderate Review on The Consolations of Philosophy - Essay ExampleWhile cultural shock and temptation to conform is the plight of international students, appreciating anes identity, friendship, positive attitude towards pain, and keeping oneself entertained is all what one needs to live a happy and fulfilled life.Epicurus, a Greek philosopher, puts the idea of friendship into stead when he attaches his happiness to it. He notes that while he had adequate wealth and lavish house, his happiness was a product of the company he entertained rather than his wealth. He thus created a habit of eat together with his friends. In the same vein, most international students are a privileged lot with silver or scholarships that accord them lavish lifestyles. However, their happiness cannot be derived from wealth or material property, but quite from congenial company with friends. Epicurus philosophy against pegging on wealth as a source of happiness whitethorn be reinforced by Seneca, a Roma n Stoic philosopher, who asserts that a mans quiescence of mind does not depend on Fortune. Therefore, international students should endeavour to create a new rank of reliable friends in the earliest convenience. They should further relish doing things together including eating.Culture shock is a true(a) experience that any person in a exotic country undergoes or lives through in their initial months. Michel the Montaigne, One of the most influential writers when talking about people travelling in foreign lands notes that, Once out of their villages, they feel like fish out of water, clinging to their ways and cursing foreign ones. This is a difficult period that is characterised by homesickness and tendency to stay secluded. In order to help such students bang with the new culture, most colleges and universities have devised induction programs. However, Socrates sounds warning bells against the idea of conforming to new systems without questioning their logic. rivalry from hi s experience

Case Study Wk7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study Wk7 - Essay Examplei.e 1,000,000.The duration of the television die hard provide be one month, three times a week, shown before the most preferred shows desire soap operas, the newspaper campaign will furthest one month, it will appear on sunshine newspapers, the magazines campaign will last one month and the print advertise custodyt will appear to men and women magazines, the radio spots campaign will last 22 days and it will appear during the afternoon news and finally, the billboards campaign will last 23 days and it will be shown on the main roads of the city.The goals of the media campaign will be reaching as many people of the targeted audience as possible. Therefore radio and TV as well as newspapers and magazines are used. The main focus will be on the first three months of the year since it is the period when people decide to buy to a greater extent clothes (sales period).The targeted groups watch mass media. The print advertisements in the magazines will be set in the last page whereas in the newspapers the print advertisements will be set at the life style section. idiot box spots will be shown before soap operas and radio spots will be compete during the afternoon news when most of the people are on the road.Spot Thompson is the advertising familiarity that provides the company with useful statistics regarding the target groups. The statistics concern the TV and Radio shows that the target audience prefers the newspapers and magazines that it reads etc. The media plan is base on the date that Spot Thompson has provided to the

Physical Lab - Experimental Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

somatogenic Lab - Experimental Plan - Essay ExampleThe aim of this experiment is to apply the fluoride electrode method to a practical problem by measuring fluoride in tap piss and to determine whether tea leaf infusion from several types of tea increases the aim of fluoride.3. Serial dilution is done. This involves preparation of different less operose effects from stock solution by dilution e.g. 10ml of 1000ppm stock solution is put in a volumetric flask and diluted with 100ml of distilled water to give 100ppm. A given range of standard solutions is obtained.5. The ISE and reference electrode is then put into the least concentrated standard solution and allowed to adjust to room temperature and pressure and stirred gently after which electrode capableness is measured.7. kindred volume of examine (tea) is measured and adjusted and the electrodes placed after which it is stirred and allowed to adjust to room conditions. Finally, electrode potential is measured. Calibration curves are then drawn.E=Eo+2.3RT/nFlog(Activity).Where, Eo is the Cell constant, RT/nF is the slope factor( shows the performance of electrode), n is ionic charge, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin. This process encounters a number of problems one of which is the release of otherwise ions such as oxalate (www.chemistry.nmsu.edu)3. Other general problems encountered are related to erroneous values obtained due to sample contamination, junction clogging, and incorrect slope of the electrode (Wroblewsk, 2012)4. Such problems are generally rectified by using arrant(a) standards and using ISAB or decomplexing to adjust the conditions so as to avoid formation of other ions. Fluoride content of tea can then be compared with that of known solutions.Other methods such as one point calibration, incremental techniques, multiple sample addition and titrimetric procedures may be used. ISE is applied in Agriculture to determine level

Australian History Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Australian History render - Essay ExampleBy 1829 a general order was issued by the Government of the day to bury the area now currently the QVB for the market to be built and in 1869 the whole area was roofed and the stairway became a retail arcade within the marketplace (Murphy,George Mac Rae was appointed as urban center architect in 1887 and 1888 procedure for the new George street market started to appear for the first time. The street is named after(prenominal) the architect George Mac Rae. Then in 1883 George Mac Rae submitted the market plan to the market committee with designs such(prenominal) as Gothic, poove Anne, Renaissance and Romanesque for QVB.Romanesque design was chosen and they agreed that the building should have room for the umber palace, a concert hall that can hold 500 people, shops, warehouses and the market in the basement (Murphy, rotating shaft & Watson S 1997)The Hilton bombing in Sydney in 1978 destroyed the glasses of QVB and it had to replace whic h started in 1979 also the child domes were also renovated the same year this was a time consuming work for the craftsmen. The city council of Sydney seeks public contour to the restoration of Queen Victoria building in 1980 which was done by Malaysian company Ipoh Limited. In 1983 Ipoh Limited gets a 99 years lease from the Sydney city council and renovation plan is signed and officially begins in 1984(Murphy, Peter & Watson S 1997)QVB opens its doors for another time to the public in 1986 and in 1987 a military issue of Turrets are brought back to their original position around the minor domes. In 1998 QVB celebrates 100 years of it is success, the QVB dance palace is restored to the tearoom which is one of the best restaurants in Sydney popularly called tea room QVB in 2000 finally the Queen Victoria building basement reopens after 66 years to hold one of its most exultant retailer, Victorias basement (Murphy,Peter & Watson S 1997)The paper will evaluate the historical conte xt of the edifice fast examine the exterior as hygienic as the interior attributes. The architectural structure known as Queen Victoria otherwise QVB, is an architectural blueprint found in Australia, in Sydneys nucleus mercantile system territory. The spot was initially home to the George boulevard bazaar, but later earmarked for the magnificent regime structural construction. The coffin nail Victoria structural edifice was designed by an architect by the name George McRae in a Romanesque form.The edifice was erected at a time when recession was rocking the continent the construction was nonetheless finished in 1898 to commemorate the golden jubilee of Queen Victoria and it is named the Queen Victoria building subsequent to the hegemony. The design covers somewhat 190 metres in length as well as 30 metres in width occupying the complete metropolis hunk. The architectural structure is a shopping mall in our current times. The structure comprises of chocolate shops, outlets as well as performance hall.The place offers a trading platform for merchants like tailors, mercers, vibrissa saloon, as well as florists. The innermost auditorium is an overriding facet, this comprises of the innermost glass dome as well as a central glass dome and copper-material on the outside, with an arched copula. Blemish glass windows, comprising a vault casement represent the antique arms of Sydneys Metropolis, allowing light into the central region, while the

British Author Research Paper Essay Example for Free

British Author Research Paper Essay victor Bryon once said, Fools are my theme, let satire be my song. A satire is a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which gentlemans gentleman folly and vice are held up to scorn, derision,or sarcasm (dic.com). A well recognized satire is George Orwells physical Farm. Orwell wrote this all(a)egorical novella in Eng make for when the wartime federation with the Soviet Union was at its height and Stalin was held in highest esteem in Britain both among the people and brass. George Orwell wrote zoology Farm to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole, thus addressing the downfall of the Russian Revolution which was caused by its corrupt leaders and ignorant citizens.George Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair. He was born on June twenty-fifth 1903 in Bengal, India to a British colonial civil servant. About a year after his birth, Orwell was brought linchpin to England by his mother along with his older sister. He bega n writing poems at the age of four, ultimately acquire one of his poems publish in a local newspaper. In 1911 he went to St. Cyprians, on a fond(p) scholarship, in the coastal town of Eastbourne, where he got his first taste of Englands class system. There he began to allege the works of Rudyard Kipling and H. G. Wells. He was exceptionally intelligent that he received a scholarship to study at Eton college. After graduating, Orwell fall in the India Imperial Police Force in 1922. After five years, he resigned his touch and returned to England. He wanted to try his luck as a writer.He would spend his time between England and Paris, thus writing his first major work Down and Out in Paris and London. He felt that it would embarrass his family, so he published it under the pseudonym George Orwell. He was not prospered and began to take up any job offer just to make ends meet. He later published Burmese Days, which offered a dark look at British colonialism in Burma, then part of the countrys Indian empire. Orwells interest in political matters grew rapidly after this novel was published. In 1937, Orwell traveled to Spain, where he joined one of the groups fighting against General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War.He was injured and left game for England. For years, Orwell had periods of sickness, and he was ex officioly diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1938. Later, he landed a job with the BBC as a producer and in 1943 he became the literary editor for a socialist newspaper. Orwell is best known for ii novels, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, both of which were published toward the end of his life. Animal Farm was published in 1945 and Nineteen Eighty-Four was published in 1949. Orwell, however, was not able to enjoy his success due to his involvement with tuberculosis. He died on January 21, 1950, in a London hospital.England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the northbound Sea to the east and the side Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. It has a population of 53,013,000 inhabitants. The official language is British English. Christianity is the most widely perform religion in England. The major form of Christianity practised is Anglicanism. English folklore is big part of English Culture. Some of the characters and stories are present across England, scarcely most belong to specific regions.Common folkloric beings include pixies, giants, elves, bogeymen, trolls, goblins and dwarves. Since the Early Modern Period the food of England has historically been characterised by its simplicity of approach and a reliance on the high quality of natural produce. Traditional examples of English food include the Sunday roast, featuring a roasted joint served with assorted ve dismayables, Yorkshire pudding, stuffing and gravy. Other grown meals in clude fish and chips and the full English breakfast.Various meat pies and sausages are consumed by the British. Lancashire hotpot is a well known stew. Frequently consumed alcoholic drinks include wines, ciders and English beers, such as bitter, mild, stout, and brown ale. England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century codified many sports that are now played rough the world. Sports originating in England include association football, cricket, and rugby. The basic political system in England is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system. Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II and the prime diplomatic minister is David Cameron MP.Animal Farm was published by Orwell on August 17th , 1945. This novel shows how potential ignorance and immobility to problems within a revolution could allow horrors to happen if a smooth transition to a peoples government is not achieved. The novel starts out with Old Major, a prize-winning boar, gathers the animals of the manor Farm for a meeting in the big barn. He tells them of a dream he has had in which all animals live together with no pitying beings to oppress or control them. He tells the animals that they must work toward such a nirvana and teaches them a song called Beasts of England, in which his dream imagery is lyrically described. The animals greet Majors vision with great enthusiasm. When he dies only three nights after the meeting, three younger pigsSnowball, cat sleep, and Squealerformulate his principal(prenominal) principles into a philosophy called Animalism.Late one night, the animals manage to defeat the farmer Mr. Jones in a battle, rivulet him off the land. They rename the property Animal Farm and dedicate themselves to achieving Majors dream. At first, Animal Farm prospers. Snowball works at teaching the animals to read, and Napoleon takes a group of young puppies to machinate them in the principles of Animalism. As time passes, however, Napoleon and Snowball increasingly quibble over the future of the farm, and they begin to struggle with each other for power and influence among the other animals. After chasing Snowball away, Napoleon assumes leading of Animal Farm and declares that there will be no more meetings.From that point on, he asserts, the pigs altogether will make all of the decisionsfor the good of both animal. Napoleon orders the animals to construct a windmill, and the animals devote their efforts to end it. One day, after a storm, the animals find the windmill toppled. Napoleon claims that Snowball returned to the farm to sabotage the windmill. He uses this as an excuse to rid the farm of various animals who have allegedly participated in Snowballs great conspiracy by giving them instant death at the teeth of the attack dogs. With his leaders unquestioned, Napoleon begins expanding his powers, rewriting history to make Snowball a villain. Napoleon in like manner begins to act more and more like a human being by sleeping in a bed, tipsiness whisky, and engaging in trade with neighboring farmers.The original Animalist principles strictly forbade such activities, but Squealer justifies every action to the other animals, convincing them that Napoleon is a great leader and is making things better for everyone nevertheless though the other animals are cold, hungry, and overworked. Mr. Frederick, a neighboring farmer, cheats Napoleon in the purchase of some caliber and then attacks the farm and dynamites the windmill, which had been rebuilt at great expense. After the demolition of the windmill, a pitched battle ensues. Napoleon then sells his most loyal and long-suffering worker, Boxer, to a glue maker in order to get money for whisky. Years pass on Animal Farm, and the pigs become more and more like human being by walking upright, carrying whips, and wearing clothes.Eventually, the seven principles of Animalism, known as the Seven Comm andments and inscribed on the side of the barn, become reduced to a single principle reading all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. Napoleon entertains a human farmer named Mr. Pilkington at a dinner and declares his intent to ally himself with the human farmers against the laboring classes of both the human and animal communities. He also changes the name of Animal Farm back to the Manor Farm, claiming that this title is the correct one.Looking in at the party of elites through the farmhouse window, the common animals can no longer tell which are the pigs and which are the human beings. The story is meant to symbolize the downfall of the Russian Revolution and the corruption of Stalin. Old Major epitomizes Karl Marx, as he originated Communism, hence Animalism. Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin, while Snowball represents Leon Trotsky. The attack dogs represent the Red Army, while Boxer represents the Soviet workers.The rise of Stalin after the Russian Revolution inspired Orwell to write Animal Farm. It is satire on equality, where all barnyard animals live free from their human masters tyranny. Inspired to rebel by Major, an old boar, animals on Mr. Jones Manor Farm embrace Animalism and stage a revolution to achieve an idealistic state of umpire and progress. A power-hungry pig, Napoleon, becomes a totalitarian dictator who leads the Animal Farm into All Animals Are Equal / exclusively Some Are More Equal Than Others oppression. As an English author, Orwell traditionally used fictional characters to represent actual humans. The novel is an exceptional work of satire and meets its purpose of portraying the truth about the Soviet Union and turning point of the Russian Revolution.

Conflicts Are Important Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Conflicts Are Important Worksheet probeIn this assignment, you must write 300 to 450 words on skirmish and conflict management. Record your answers in this worksheet. straggle 1 The Five Conflict TypesDescribe each of the five conflict types using paragraph form.1. Pseudo conflictsPseudo conflicts are imaginary conflicts that are a result of faulty assumptions and false dilemmas (Cheesebro, OConner, Rios, 2010). many an(prenominal) times pseudo conflicts involve two parties with the same views on a subject arguing because they misconceive or misperceive what the other person is trying to say. 2. Fact conflictsFact conflicts vacate when two parties discord about information that can be easily verified or the way it is verified (Cheesebro, OConner, Rios, 2010).3. ego conflictsEgo conflicts unremarkably center on status or power and occur when one troupe feels as though their opinion or way of doing things is far superior than anyone else (Cheesebro, OConner, Rios, 2010 ).4. Value conflictsValue conflicts usually occur in personal relationships, and arise when someone challenges anothers personal beliefs in which they cumber near and dear (Cheesebro, OConner, Rios, 2010). These conflicts can be very intense and long lasting.5. Need conflictsNeed conflicts arise when the un annulably of one individual are put before the needs of another or when the needs of each individual are not specifically stated and understood by both parties (Cheesebro, OConner, Rios, 2010).Part 2 The Five Conflict Management StylesDescribe each of the five conflict management styles and excuse the strengths and impuissancees of each. Use paragraph form.1. AvoidersAvoiders steer clear of conflict and simply avoid the issues because they view it as trivial, unimportant, or have no chance of winning the argument. Strengths of avoiding style is to prevent an immediate conflict and weakness is that the conflict will fester longer and remains superficial (Thomas Kilmann, 2014) .2. AccommodatorsAccommodators believe conflict is destructive and allow others to control the outcome (Cheesebro, OConner, Rios, 2010). The strength of using this style is when the issue is not as important to you as it is to the other party and the weakness is you can begin to feel taken advantage of (Thomas Kilmann, 2014).3. ForcersForcers believe winning is everything and utilize persuasion with emotional appeals (Cheesebro, OConner, Rios, 2010). This style is best utilize when your core values need to be defended and weakness is you receive less input and ideas from others (Thomas Kilmann, 2014).4. CompromisersCompromisers believe that those involved in the conflict must be pay off to give in a little to reach a solution (Cheesebro, OConner, Rios, 2010). This style is best used to achieve temporary settlements to complex issues and weakness is no one really gets what they originally wanted (Thomas Kilmann, 2014).5. CollaboratorsCollaborators believe with hard work, b oth parties can and will get their needs met (Cheesebro, OConner, Rios, 2010). This style is best used to combine both sets of concerns and weakness is can take longer to resolve the problem (Thomas Kilmann, 2014).Part 3 collaborative CommunicationList two methods of collaborative communication and describe how using them can help you avoid conflicts.Two methods of collaborative communication are social media/software and boards. Social software such as blogs, instant messaging and social networks like Facebook and Twitter, are a great way to allow bounteous groups to receive the same message when they are in many different places (Greene, Crystal, 2014). The use of chalkboards have been replaced by digital or electronic whiteboards and have been used for decades as way to visually demonstrate and fade ideas that lead to brainstorming and other group collaborations.ReferencesCheesebro, T., OConner, L., Rios, F. (2010). Chapter 7 Conflict Resolution. In Communicating in the Wor kplace. Pearson Education.Greene, Crystal. (2014). collaborative Communication Tools. Retrieved from eHOW.com http//www.ehow.com/list_6828701_collaborative-communication-tools.htmlThomas, K., Kilmann, R. (2014). Five Conflict Management Styles. Retrieved from http//www.ntc.edu/studentlifeblog/wp-content/uploads/Handout-Conflict-Management-Styles.pdf

Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic Essay Example for Free

Buyers Behaviour perfect(a) Atlantic EssayOriginally it was called British Atlantic Airways, later changed to vestal Atlantic Airways. The first safety valve was from Gatwick to Netwark on the 22nd of June 1984 (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The company launched a ? 6 m advertising campaign in 2010, which was pile Bond nucleotided (Guardian, 2010). The new advertizement helped the company be restored from the recession. Now I ordain examine how exactly it was achieved and what methods were used to obtain the best performance of the advertizement. 2) seat Market.Market segmentation is a way of separating the consumers into different sections by their sh ard needs and personalities (Leon. G, 2010, p. 28). The needs and set depend from person to person according to his culture (Leon. G, 2010, p. 366). The VALS (values and lifestyles) segmentation system clearly shows the type of sense of hearing this commercial is aiming at (Leon. G, pp. 84). This system divides consumers int o eight distinctive subcategories, which consist of thinkers, achievers, experiencers, believers, strivers and makers.The subcategories this advertisement will appeal to are innovators because they are receptive to new technologies and who can experience the innovated technologies at a Virgin Atlantic escape cock achievers because they are goal oriented consumers who like to display success to their piers, which they can display by dissipated Virgin Atlantic as it is high class airlines experiencers because they like to spend their income on fashion, socializing and recreation which Virgin Atlantic offers through great functioning, food, entertainment and their flights are considered as trendy.The social simile surmise states that the consumer with higher purchase ability tends to have a higher status this is a cogent evidence why achievers like to spend on marvellous products and serve wells (Leon. G, 2010, p. 338). This commercial appeals to all the vanadium strong tar get-marketing segments (Leon. G, 2010, p. 73). It is identifiable as it clearly distinguishes the shared needs, age and gender of the consumer. The consumer is a businessman or public life orientated workingwoman who prefers high-class suffice. The age would appeal to Generation Y that is born from 1980 and on wards (Leon.G, 2010, p. 410). The Generation Y spends 150 billion annually and is into innovation and luxury while Generation X is considered as advanced(a) group. Virgin Atlantic Airways allows children ages 5 and above to travel or should be accompanied by an bad (16+). Pets are accepted if they accompany a disabled person (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). 3) Service offered. The marketing mix shows what motley of service/product is offered by dividing the elements to product, price, place and promotion (Leon. G, 2010, p. 58).The service being offered is not just a flight from one destination to another it is an experience at a high-class level of the Virgin Atlantic flight wher e the costumer will be served at a high class, with security, entertainment and with utmost comfort. It is a high-involvement purchase, which requires considerate thought and cognitive motion, as the price is high (Leon. G, 2010, p. 231). The flight can be purchased online or at a flight ticket office. The company offers promotion such as transient club card, ticket sales and discount codes/vouchers (Virgin Atlantic, 2012).The price and quality relationship the company has is low- price tickets in comparison with their competitors and with a high-class service. 4) Seasonality. The time of placing the advertisement is very(prenominal) grievous, as there are competing companies to spend a penny into consideration. The order effect research has shown that the advertisements presented first (primacy effect) and last (regency effect) has a greater effect on the consumer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 302). The tone ending date was 26 October 2010, which was a great push to recovery from reces sion. British Airways and American Airlines are the biggest competitors.American Airlines released their commercial in May 2010, which had a primacy effect where as Virgin Atlantic Airlines gained a regency effect. The mob Bond 007 Blood Stone video game was released on 5th of November 2010(IMDB, 2010). This shows that the commercial was released 10 long time before the release date of the game. This strategy used by Virgin Atlantic is a very clever marketing move, as their advertisement is James Bond themed and during that period of time all sorts of media (TV, newspapers, online, vocalize of mouth and billboards) had James Bond game advertisements.Virgin Airlines got increased attention to their advertisement by issue their advertisement at time coinciding with Blood Stones release. 5) Positioning the commercial. The advertisement is transmission system through mass media as well as through new (non traditional) media (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 294-296). The commercial is play on TV where it addresses wide range of consumers (i. e. via mass media) and through YouTube where it is addressable and interactive, while response measurable.It was also played during the flights on the Virgin Atlantic TV channel where it exclusively targets its audience (i. e. via target media). 6) Reason for the commercial. The consumer demeanour consists of searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, disposing of products and services that in their belief will fulfill their wants (Leon. G, 2010, p. 23). The commercial was created in order to acquit and make aware the audience of the fact that the service being offered by the airlines is luxurious, entertaining and high-class, to convince that this motley of service will satisfy there needs. ) Perception. Perception is defined as the process by which an unmarried selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the world. (Leon. G, 2010, p. 175) This advertisement appeals to emotional motives , which are affection, status and pride in this case (Leon. G, 2010, p. 110). The advertisements mood is sexually charged and is putting the buyer into a state of excitement by James Bond themed music and graphics, illustrations of high-class adventure and big actors in the commercial.Abraham Maslow created the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, which identifies the five basic levels of human needs (Maslow, 1987). The advert is aiming to satisfy all the five needs of the potential consumer. egoistic needs will be satisfied during the flight on these airlines, as it is illustrated as a esteemed flight. Egoistic needs include the need of good reputation, status and recognition from others, which advert convinces that the consumer will have, if he/she chooses Virgin Atlantic Airways.Need of Self-Actualization will be satisfies as shown in the advert, by flying on this flight the customer will feel self-actualized by getting high-class service which he/she merited or earned themselves. Soc ial Needs are to be satisfied by communication with good-looking staff. The Virgin Atlantic cabin crew was voted as the most attractive staff in the unhurt world by the surveys of travelers (Daily mail, 2011). Richard Branson has always stated that the appearance of the flight crew must be beta in order make the customers enjoy a memorable flight.Cabin staff of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are told that Youll be the face of the airline. As such, your grooming should always be immaculate even by and by a long, tiring flight (Daily mail, 2011). As flying on an airplane has a small essay of security, the advert is aiming to convince that their flight is safe and is a pleasant experience where there is nothing to gravel about. Physiological needs will be satisfied by the high-class food and beverage service that would be offered during the flight by good-looking staff.Air and protective covering will also be present, as the designed with up to date technology. This commercial is aime d at visual consumers that prefer and take information ameliorate through visual escorts or essences as sources of information (Leon. G, 2010, p. 147). While watching the Virgin Atlantic advertisement repetitively on TV or Online passive learning is occurring and it changes the consumers attitude regarding the product (Leon. G, 2010, p. 232). The theme message delivered through this advert is Your airlines either got it or it hasnt.thither is a message resonance in the record booking, which adds a bit of humor to it and will make the viewer remember the commercial (Leon. G, 2010, p. 301). The theme message has comparative advertising technique to it where Virgin makes the viewer compare their airlines to Virgin Atlantic (Leon. G, 2010, p. 303). The sexiness in advertising is present in order to grab the attention of the viewer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 308). The hostesses are wearing bypass dresses in red color and the man who is passing the security check hasnt got underwear on. Virg in is trying to show that their flights are sexy.This technique tries to show the security the airlines provide (angel like). The flight police squad is very good looking and is walking with self-assurance, which adds confidence to the image of the company. The runway lines and the red carpet represents the luxurious service. Transition from the safety demonstration to the airplane saloon is done without editing cuts, which is very eye-catching. The shot of nation sitting around of a pool of martini and playing with the olive, which represents entertainment, beverage and luxury the airlines offer to their customers. 9) Buying process. The consumer end making can be viewed as three distinct but interlocking stages the input stage, the process stage and the output stage(Leon. G, 2010, p. 36). This advertisement is designed in order to influence the input and process stage in order to make the consumer come to the output stage. This advert influences and increases the consumers recognition of the service need. The information is delivered to the consumers through the marketing efforts of the commercial, which will influence not only media but also word of mouth marketing.The Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality created by Sigmund Freud explains the drivers of the output stage (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 137-139). According to Freuds theory this commercial will affect superego and id to make the purchase. The superego will be gratified when purchasing this service because he/she will become socially and fashionably acceptable, as Virgin Atlantic flight is trendy. Id will be gratified if the consumer will make the purchase because the airlines offer the basic requirements such as food, shelter and security. The consumer will make a trial or a repeat purchase when buying this service (Leon.G, 2010, p. 497). The consumer might be new to the company or be a frequent loyal customer. 10) interlocking levels and risk perception. Involvement is a very important factor i n how more attention is compensable to the message sent to the viewer and how it is understood. There are different ways to measure the involvement of the viewer. There are two ways of involvement, high-risk and low-risk purchases. The higher the risk, the higher the involvement and research will be. The flight purchase is a low-involvement product and consumers prefer congruent context of the message delivered (Leon.G, 2010, p. 293). The mood of the consumer is very important, if he/she is in a bad mood, the content of the commercial might cause a bad reply of the viewer. Psychological noise whitethorn be distracting the viewer from the commercial and the advertisement has contrast in the mental imagery in order to keep the viewers attention. 11) Conclusion. The advertisement created by the Virgin Atlantic airlines in my tactual sensation was successful . The James Bond theme imageries and soundtrack had a great impact on the potentness of the commercial.every time the consu mer will watch James Bond movie or play a James Bond game, the commercial will subconsciously come to their mind and the other way around. The time it was released was perfect, as they needed a push to get out from the recession. The commercial had a bit too much sex advertisement in it, which may led to worse effect tan could have achieved and do the competitors (American Airlines) stand out more, as they had a touching TV commercial that gave gratitude to the men in uniform, veterans and their families. informal advertising may distract the consumers attention from the message content being sent.This technique may have a little influence on the buyers purchasing intentions and a risk of spoiling the image of the company. This advert is targeting businessman, but there is the family audience with children and generation X, which they are risking of loosing. The commercial is based mostly on emotions and only in one short scene the viewer can see the sit with the monitors. The sa loons, seats and the exact food of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are not shown, but they are very important to be shown, as the consumer wants to see the comfort he/she will have during the flight.The fact that the advertisement shows a man being tucked into a cloud and not airplane seat could make an impression that the airlines are hiding something and their seats are not good enough to be shown in the advertisement. This advertisement could have been improved by focusing the viewers attention much more on the design of the saloon, comfortable seats and delicious food. Nonetheless, overall this was a very well executed and effective advertisement with successfully reached hearts and minds of customer.

Modern gadgets Essay Example for Free

Modern gadgets EssaySymbian OS is designed for the busy knell environment. It addresses constraints of ready straits by providing a framework to handle menial memory situations, a agency management model, and a rich softwargon package layer implementing industry standards for communications, visit and data rendering. Even with these commodious features, Symbian OS puts no constraints on the integration of other peripheral hardw ar. This tractableness allows handset manufacturers to pursue advanced and original designs. Symbian OS is proven on several(prenominal) platforms. It started life as the operate system for the Psion serial publication of consumer PDA products (including Series 5mx, Revo and netBook), and various adaptations by Diamond, Oregon Scientific and Ericsson. The prototypal dedicated sprightly phone incorporating Symbian OS was the Ericsson R380 Smartphone, which incorporated a flip- easy mentionpad to reveal a carry on screen display and several connected applications. Most recently available is the Nokia 9210Communicator, a mobile phone that has a QWERTY keyboard and color display, and is fully open to third-party applications written in Java or C++. The tailfin key points subtle mobile devices, mass-market, intermittent wireless connectivity, diversity of products and an open platform for independent softwargon developers are the premises on which Symbian OS was designed and developed.This needs it distinct from any desktop, workstation or server in operation(p) system. This also makes Symbian OS several(predicate) from embedded operating systems, or any of its competitors, which werent designed with all these key points in mind. Symbian is committed to open standSymbian OS is designed for the mobile phone environment. It addresses constraints of mobile phones by providing a framework to handle low memory situations, a power management model, and a rich software layer implementing industry standards for communica tions, telephony and data rendering. Even with these abundant features, Symbian OS puts no constraints on the integration of other peripheral hardware. This flexibility allows handset manufacturers to pursue innovative and original designs.Symbian OS is proven on several platforms. It started life as the operating system for the Psion series of consumer PDA products (including Series 5mx, Revo and netBook), and various adaptations by Diamond, Oregon Scientific and Ericsson. The first dedicated mobile phone incorporating Symbian OS was the Ericsson R380 Smartphone, which incorporated a flip-open keypad to reveal a touch screen display and several connected applications. Most recently available is the Nokia 9210Communicator, a mobile phone that has a QWERTY keyboard and color display, and is fully open to third-party applications written in Java or C++. The five key points small mobile devices, mass-market, intermittent wireless connectivity, diversity of products and an open platfor m for independent software developers are the premises on which Symbian OS was designed and developed.This makes it distinct from any desktop, workstation or server operating system. This also makes Symbian OS different from embedded operating systems, or any of its competitors, which werent designed with all these key points in mind. Symbian is committed to open standards. Symbian OS has a POSIX-compliant interface and a Sun-approved JVM, and the company is actively working with emerging standards, such(prenominal) as J2ME, Blue besidesth, MMS, SyncML, IPv6 and WCDMA. As well as its own developer support organization, books, papers and courses, Symbian delivers a global network of third-party competency and training centers the Symbian Competence Centers and Symbian Training Centers.These are specifically directed at enabling other organizations and developers to take part in this new economy. Symbian has announced and implemented a strategy that will infer Symbian OS running on many advanced open mobile phones. broken devices come in many shapes and sizes, each addressing distinct target markets that have different requirements. The market fraction we are elicit in is that of the mobile phone.The primary requirement of this market fragment is that all products are great phones. This segment spans voice-centric phones with information capability to information-centric devices with voice capability. These advanced mobile phones integrate fully-featured personal digital assistant (PDA) capabilities with those of a traditional mobile phone in a single unit. There are several faultfinding factors for the need of operating systems in this market. It is important to look at the mobile phone market in isolation. It has specific needs that make it unlike markets for PCs or fixed domestic appliances. leveling down a PC operating system, or bolting communication capabilities onto a small and basic operating system, results in too many fundamental compromise s. Symbian believes that the mobile phone market has five key characteristics that make it unique, and result in the need for a specifically designed operating system 1) mobile phones are both small and mobile.2) mobile phones are ubiquitous they target a mass-market of consumer, enterprise and professional users. 3) mobile phones are on occasion connected they can be used when connected to the wireless phone network, topically to other devices, or on their own. 4) manufacturers need to differentiate their products in order to innovate and compete in a fast-evolving market. ards. Symbian OS has a POSIX-compliant interface and a Sun-approved JVM, and the company is actively working with emerging standards, such as J2ME, Bluetooth, MMS, SyncML, IPv6 and WCDMA. As well as its own developer support organization, books, papers and courses, Symbian delivers a global network of third-party competency and training centers the Symbian Competence Centers and Symbian Training Centers.These are specifically directed at enabling other organizations and developers to take part in this new economy. Symbian has announced and implemented a strategy that will see Symbian OS running on many advanced open mobile phones. Small devices come in many shapes and sizes, each addressing distinct target markets that have different requirements. The market segment we are interested in is that of the mobile phone.The primary requirement of this market segment is that all products are great phones. This segment spans voice-centric phones with information capability to information-centric devices with voice capability. These advanced mobile phones integrate fully-featured personal digital assistant (PDA) capabilities with those of a traditional mobile phone in a single unit. There are several critical factors for the need of operating systems in this market. It is important to look at the mobile phone market in isolation. It has specific needs that make it unlike markets for PCs or fixed domestic appliances. Scaling down a PC operating system, or bolting communication capabilities onto a small and basic operating system, results in too many fundamental compromises. Symbian believes that the mobile phone market has five key characteristics that make it unique, and result in the need for a specifically designed operating system 1) mobile phones are both small and mobile.2) mobile phones are ubiquitous they target a mass-market of consumer, enterprise and professional users. 3) mobile phones are occasionally connected they can be used when connected to the wireless phone network, locally to other devices, or on their own. 4) manufacturers need todifferentiate their products in order to innovate and compete in a fast-evolving market.

Classical Civilisation Essay Example for Free

Classical Civilisation adjudicateTo what extent can we reconstruct the rook civilisation of Mycenae? What does the designate tell us about their fiat and how they lived?This Golden advance, kept alive by Homers poetry, tells the story of an advanced society during a period in history adorned by wealthiness and legends, believed to have been circa 1450 to 1100 BC. Assembling the limited evidence reveals the art and computer architecture of the Mycenaean World. The remains of the palaces show evidence of a rich civilisation. The later Greeks referred to this period as a Golden Age when men were bigger and stronger than they be now (Homers Iliad). This is a fascinating era canonized with heroes and victory, which almost three millenniums later, still captures the curiosity of so many.The evidence used to reconstruct this period is question equal. there are archaeological finds, which allow the sites and the artefacts. It is difficult to draw accurate conclusions from thes e collectable to their age. Then there are literary sources much(prenominal) as Homers Iliad and Odyssey. The problem with using these sources is that many people believe that Homer lived nearly 700BC, which means the stories he tells will have been greatly adapted to his period. Additionally, others argue that there is little evidence proving that the books are not purely fictional.Architecture and construction proves wealth and culture. Increasingly influenced by Crete, the Mycenaeans began to build palaces of their own. ab initio they modelled them on Minoan architecture. This implies that they sailed across the sea. Later they began to develop spacious fortifications. Palaces were built throughout Hellas. The most storied Greek palace of the Mycenaean period was found at Mycenae, the city of the legendary Agamemnon who was anax of the expedition against Troy. Others were found in Pylos, Thebes, Athens and Iolkos.They were logically constructed and shared the same features , which proves there was a link between them. They were obviously not isolated from one another. One may assume Mycenae was the main palace and possibly had a primitive infrastructure connecting it to the other sites.The centre of the palace was a columned porch called a megaron (figure 1). A buns would have also been found on one side. This implies they had a King who held an important role in society. The first floor appeared to have been used for storage and the second floor was where the women lived. The materials used to construct these buildings include stone blocks, mud brick, bonding timber and plaster, which proves the Mycenaeans were a resourceful, organised society. Their building technique is known as corbelling, where each successive row of stones in a wall is laid further out than the introductory one below it.The palace of Pylos was the only one not to be fortified by huge walls, one of the main features of Mycenaean palaces. There were three types of citadels poly gonal (various shaped blocks neatly fitted together), ashlar (squared blocks neatly fittedcyclopean walls 2 The Lions Gate together) and finally the famous cyclopean walls (huge, irregular stones yielding massive walls) called so because they were so large that it was believed only a Cyclops could have built them (figure 3).The walls at the palace of Mycenae, where The Lions Gate was exposed in 1841, are 1100 meters long, protecting the dominating power of the Peloponnese (figure 4).These massive defences also show that the Mycenaeans felt the select to protect themselves from external threats.Houses were built below the citadel, which implies a close community. They were generally self-sufficient homes with a kitchen, communion table and hearth. Their furniture was varied and frequently included a plaster bench, tables, foot-stoles and even bathtubs. Their homes appear to have been comfortable. much(prenominal) isolated homes were also uncovered in the hills (i.e. Mouriatada, on the west coast). The constructions were smaller and did not use such high quality masonry but did include a megaron and private houses. One may deduce from this that wealth peaked in and around the palaces.Water supplies were an equally important construction to ensure survival and well-being. The palace of Athens had a well, built within the walls, making it accessible, even if they were threatened by a siege.The cisterna built at Mycenae at the end of the 13th century, extended underground beyond the walls, making it more vulnerable (figure 5).The Mycenaeans learned from the Minoans, in crafts, in efficient organisation and in writing. This is concluded from the similar architecture, tablets and clayware found. The wave of palace destructions on Crete around 1450 and the eventual fall of Knossos around1375 marked the start of the most stentorian period for the Mycenaeans.New clayware shapes and styles began. They produced three handled jars, kraters (large bowls) and kylikes (goblets with long stems). Backgrounds were being painted red or coloured as opposed to light, matt tones. Forms appeared more natural, like the Minoan art. They began to use floral decorations.Next, the Mycenaean Age adopted geometric patterns and abstract forms on its pottery. They made stirrup jars, yet another indication of Minoan influence.As the civilisation reached its height, so did the art. Vases were mass-produced for export as well as for use on the main land. Evidence of objects from afar were found at the Palace of Knossos, in Crete, which shows signs of huge wealth, probably due to the position of the island, the cross road of the Mediterranean in circa 1400 BC. The Mycenaeans were equally as good tradesmen as the Minoans. Their pottery was found in Sicily, Rhodes, Cyprus, Italy, Asia Minor, Northern Syria and Miletus, which suggests they were good sailors and traded with the east Mediterranean and Europe. In some places their influence seems so strong that one could think that they had permanent strongholds there, what we may consider today a colonisation. However, they were not able to enter Asia Minor because of the Hittites, described as a strong, troublesome civilisation.

Effects of gambling Essay Example for Free

effect of gambling EssayMost muckle with gambling problems say they lost control over how to a greater extent than time and cash they spend gambling. Meanwhile, they ignored other responsibilities. For them, gambling is an activity that atomic number 18 important to them. Those who try excessively often bring problems for the one they make do. The effects of gambling can be classified into individuals, family and the friendship. from each one of them had different aspect. With the problems that been brought by those gamblers, they brought many dogfights to many peoples. They considered as an ignoble person. The effects that affected an individual are normally harm themselves.Once a gambler lose in a gamble, they exit sour anxious and unhappy, and often hate themselves very much. Therefore, they provide do something stupid like borrow money from those lend sharks, commit suicide and even involved in some criminal cases such as robbery, murder, etc. The urge of gam ble is hard to resists be pee of the reason they win continuosly. Once they won one time, they entrust continue to gamble to win more to satisfy their satisfaction. If once they lose, they will not give up easily due to they cannot accept the fact they had lose and scared to be a loser.Therefore, they will never give up any relegate to gamble if there are dear an uncertain chance to win. Some people still believe their system will pay off, their luck will potpourri or they are due to win. Some people promised to quit gamble, moreover they cannot, but they afraid their love one will find them out. This drives them into fear and further into debt. In addition to, a gambler will also harm themselves because of gambling. All the gamblers face different problems, mainly like divorce, debt collection by those loan sharks, suffer from illness, many hassles in different aspects. Other than individuals, there are effects that affected family. turn problems hurt families in many ways, su ch as money problems. Money problems defined as family members that knew that savings, blank space or belongings contain been lost, it can make them feel angry, betrayed and anxious. Through this problem, it cause family breakdown and caused the children to be in a single parent family. By the way, gamble will cause emotional problems and isolation. Gambling problems cause strong feelings among family members, which make it harder to solve problems. The partners of those gambler that is with problems do not want to get close with them because they the gambler hurt them.Due to this problem, it caused divorce and break up. In other hand, family members will avoid from other people because they felt ashamed of their family member that gamble excessively and they had been backstabbed by many people. Physical and mental easilyness is another effect. The stress of gambling problems sometimes causes health problems. A person that gamble excessively will had health problems, same to thei r family members. This included anxiety, depression and stress-related problems like insomnia, ulcer, headaches and many illness that will strongly dissemble their health.Burnout also is one of the effect that affected a personalized. Many families under stress have trouble coping. They often cope cause of money and the family member dislike the gambler. The gambler keep on fetching more tasks will lead to burnout too. Once the plan that the gambler planned had fail, this will lead to causing problems. Family members often forget to take care themselves or to have fun. Gambling will bring smashing impacts on children. A family that with a gambler parent that with gamble problem will always let the children feel forgotten, depressed and anxious.The parent gamble all the time, therefore they will not put more attention on their children but on gamble. Some children may stop trusting their parents due to the unfaithfulness, but some children may draw attention away from the parent with gambling problem by misbehaving. Nowadays, the society also been affected by the problems of gambling. The unsteady of frugal is one of the reason. Due to the bankruptcy of a personal will affected the economic growing. In addition, during the time of economic success, gambling casinos tend to take labour fork over away from neighbouring business.Casinos offer higher wages, hence many employees from other business such as restaurant, cake will leave the neighbouring business and work for casinos. Customers that are normally went to the restaurant now instead go to the casino for foods. This demonstrates how not all growth by a casino can be attributed as economic growth, sometimes casinos merely transfer growth from other businesses into their own. It would never dawn on them that the casino itself would never pay out more than it brings in. There would not be many people are lucky enough to win big, maybe just one in a million. The others are just donating money to their c ause.On the extreme side, people have committed suicide because their lives have totally been off-key upside down due to the addiction. Due to commit suicide, the society might lose some genius, talents to fetch the country. In addition, gambling will cause our country to be in a extinct military position because of gambling, therefore will affected family problems. Due to bankruptcy, it caused many people to face unemployment and because of this, it will affect the growth of economic. Once the gamblers put all their efforts into gambling, it will affect their working efficiency. When they had addicted to gambling, they will not have the effort to work.It will greatly affect the firm businesses, therefore the head of the firm will call in the post of the gambler and asked the worker to resign by themselves. Because of this, it caused many unemployment in the country. There are a few(prenominal) ways that building a casino could pull up stakes in no increased benefits for the r egion. Examples like, local residents who used to go to restaurants now spend their money in the casino. Then the casino has no net economic benefit. Other than this, tourists who used to spend money on other activities within the region now go to a gambling facility within the region.In addition, to have many casinos in our country, it will greatly affected neighbouring business. Locally-owned businesses go bankrupt because consumers have changed their expenditures to casinos that happen to be owned by out-of-state interests. A casino buy more products from out of state than the businesses they replace, therefore it had brought great impact to the local business. Besides that, Casinos result in increased social costs including police and other public services as well as the costs of pathological and problem gamblers. These issues will be addressed shortly. This will affect the tourism in a same time.

Aural and spatial elements Essay Example for Free

Aural and spatial elements EssayWertenbaker uptakes honest and minimalistic production design and uses her actors as her briny resource to convey meaning and character especi whollyy as they be rounding different grammatical gender or changing between convict and officer characters throughout. The few props be used to crystallize meaning and are important in their own right along with costumes and set. She uses language and music to declare with the audience and to cr occupye a specific atmosphere. Wertenbaker uses the movement or gestures of a character to emphasise a point or point characters births. An type of this is Sideway in the first rehearsal, the point in date direction walking sideways, arms held high in a grandiose eighteenth century throw this reinforces the fancy of how uneducated the convicts are, as the audience can see Sideway has never seen a sign production just has an sentiment of what it would be like. An example where gesture is used to commun icate characters relationships is in Act 1 scene 7 where Harry and Duckling are rowing, the stage directions for Duckling are trunk morose and doesnt turn around these are hostile actions as Harry is desperately trying to get her attention Why dont you look Duckling. The audience can see that their relationship is unstable. The way Wertenbaker positions her characters on the stage is important in communicating status and character such as in Act 1 scene 11 when Major Ross and Captain Campbell enter, the convicts slink away and transcend down. This shows that the convicts are afraid of the officers and they try and get as far away as possible from Robbie and dumbfound inconspicuous. The beginning scene has important use of positing, the convict are huddled together in semi-darkness. This gives an idea of how horrible the conditions were for the convicts during transportation.The officers are on deck above the convicts and in better conditions again showing status. This idea is kept throughout the play but gradually changes as the production of the convicts play takes effect . Costume is used to communicate character, Governor Arthur Phillips costume would be grander and more(prenominal) cosmetic than the other officers and he has a higher status. The convicts would be wearing similar clothes but all slightly different such as Marys which would be covering her and suppressing her femininity because she feels inculpative about what happened on the ship I would progress to been less of a whore.Sideways clothes would be over the top to show his flamboyant personality . All the costumes also have to be simple to allow quick costume changes as the actors multi-role. Wertenbakers set is very simple with only a few props. This is done to represent the bareness of Australia and how they have to create a sassy dependency but have arrived with hardly anything. The set is also kept simple because there are 22 scenes and a complex set would take too long to chan ge each time and therefore slow down the pace of the piece. Props are used sparsely but are very important in showing characters situations.Example of this are the whipping equipment choose in act 1 scene 1, they are used to clearly show the audience how the convicts were do by on the ships and the punishments. The play book is used throughout the play when the convicts are rehearing or talk of the town about the play as this is one of the main themes of Our Countrys Good , however not many other books are used and this emphasises that the convict are uneducated and many cant read. Ralphs dairy and the picture of his wife are important props in showing his character. Ralph idolises his wife as something pure I might kiss your picture as usual. He uses his diary to deliver his thoughts showing he doesnt feel he can talk to the other officers and is disturbed with the innovative land and behaviour of the convicts and officers. Food is mention throughout the play if I was rich, I d eat myself sick but it is never used as a prop this highlights the lack of food in the colony. Wertenbaker uses gun shot sound effects at the beginning of the play in scene 3 Act 1, as the officers are shooting birds this reminds the audience that they have just arrived on a reinvigorated land and are already destroying its nature and wildlife.The other sound effect Wertenbaker specifies in the play is drum which occurs at the end In the last scene as the convicts go on stage, this symbolise a parade that a new colony might give as celebration. It also creates excitement for the play. The haughty music of Beethovens fifth symphony is played at the very end as an introduction to The Recruiting Officer, this makes the audience happy and excited and reflects what the convicts would be feeling at that time. Other music Wertenbaker may want to be used during the play, especially the aboriginal scenes is didgeridoo music as this is a native creature to Australia.The Language Wertenb aker uses shows character, an example of this is Lizs monologue in Act 2 scene 2 where she use lots of slang born under a hapenny planet this shows the audience she is uneducated. In contrast to Liz, Arthur is very educated and we can see this due to the literary and historical reverences he mentions when sanction up an argument In the Meno, one of Platos great dialogues. This is a way that difference in education shows the split between convicts and officers.Language is also used to show change in characters, for example at the beginning Wisehammer is rough and has no hope for the future day alone, frightened, nameless in this sinking seafarer of hell, however as the play progresses we actually see him as being one of the more educated convicts. Abject a man without hope. In the last scene we see him thinking of the future and with restored hope Ill write a play about justice. Our Countrys Good would be more suitable for a proscenium arch stage because it communicates the bar eness of the new land as no-one is on the other side unlike a transverse stage.Wertenbaker wanted to use a cyclorama to symbolise Australia and this would need to be upstage and therefore would work best in proscenium as it has a back wall. The third reason is the convicts and officers could substantially be separated and shown in their groups and more easily commutate status and power. The lighting is very important in staging the play. The lighting would of be sharp blues and yellows to represent the climate of Australia. This lighting is the close to effective way of making the audience alert of the different climate and habitat of Australia and how hard it was for the convicts and officers to adapt to the change.The lighting would also be used to show night and day as some of the scenes are during the night, this would create an atmosphere for the piece. Wertenbaker chose to create an obviously representation piece of drama instead of a piece of realism because she wanted the audience to see the mixer message the play contained, how drama can reform and educate people. A theatrical piece is the most effective way to do this as it allows both the actors and audience to see the story from both sides of the colony due to the multi-rolling actors.

Cruelty in animal testing Essay Example for Free

scratchiness in living organism outpouringing EssayHobbes, the cat, has been under experiment for most of his life. This is probably the last quantify that he will ever beget to be experimented on again. Why? Becaexercising he is probably non going to make it through this time. The makers of Herbal Essences argon closely to force shampoo down his throat to see what happens to its organs. Even if the cat lives through the process, they will gravel to kill it to see which organs were impact by the toxic chemical substances. If this was an existing humanekind going through this deadly experiment, commonwealth would be in shock. Animal block outing started numerous stratums ago to help provide adult male with cultivation.The process of wolf laddering is of great importance to scientists that work in test for toxicity, in most cosmetics and personal apprehension products that are made both year and are hurtle into the market after cosmos time-tested on sens uals. Animals in increase Testing stated, these products eat gone through a long and coordination compound interrogatory process that leaves millions of living organisms mutilated, burned, poisoned and gassed in outmoded and unnecessary tests. From these contrasting experiments, animals are often left with different diseases like Syphilis, Herpes, or AIDS (Animal Rights Animal Testing).Manufacturers of these different products say that they are performing these tests to assure our gum elastic for these products. They want to make sure that humans are not in any amount of jeopardy (Animals in Product Testing). Animal testing is an unethical process, most of the testing is invasive and unnecessarily feral torture to an innocent animal does that make us inherently evil even though some(prenominal) say we do the experiments for the greater good? Inflicting ache purposely is considered wrong in society and people are punished if caught.How washstand we justify the killing of an animal no theme how small and insignifi locoweedt, in the larger scheme is in that respect an choice that we basin substance abuse that will not cause pain and suffering and even save costs. Yes there are several different ways we can uproot the use of animals in testing. There are certain fictional characters of animals that scientists use for certain types of experimentation. Some well-known animals that they use for testing are cats, dogs, mice, rats, hamsters, wop pigs, gerbils, sheep, llamas, cattle, owls, deer, monkeys and different primates. These are not, by any means, all of the animals that they use.These are just the most common (Animal Rights Animal Testing). For example, the Draize Test is employ on white albino rabbits (S. , Jeremy). They use white albino rabbits because of their comminuted eyes and also because the formation of their tear ducts stops tears from draining away all of the opposed substance (Animal Rights Test ). In this process, scient ists rub shampoo, soap, toothpaste, oven cleaner, lipstick, or legal philosophyn products into their gorgeous, red eyes. From this point, scientists record the damage that they observed. This test can last up to eighteen days with their eyelids held open with a clip.Many of the rabbits end up prison-breaking their necks nerve-racking to escape from the horrifying pain. First of all, it is pointless to keep the product in their eyes for that long of a full point. There is no way that even a child would have something like that in his/her eye for very long. The second reason this is unnecessary to do to a rabbit is that the eye create from raw material of a rabbit is completely different from humans. (S. , Jeremy). Instead of using the Draize test we can use these substitute(a) that provide better results and less cost from the government and private companies.Nearly 50 different secondary methods and testing strategies have been developed, validated and/or accepted by internat ional regulatory authorities. Using inception from human volunteers to test for the presence of fever-causing contaminants in intravenous medicines can save hundreds of thousands of rabbits each year from conventional pyrogen tests. EpiSkin, EpiDerm and SkinEthiceach composed of artificial human skincan save thousands of rabbits each year from painful skin corrosion and irritation tests.The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test and uninvolved Chicken Eye Test use eyes from animals slaughtered for the meat industry instead of live rabbits to expose chemicals and products that are severely irritating to the eyes. The 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake Phototoxicity Test can replace the use of mice and other animals in the testing of medicines and other products for their potential to cause sunlight induced photo-toxicity. The Reduced topical anesthetic Lymph Node Assay for skin allergy testing makes it possible to reduce animal use by up to 75 percent compared with traditional guinea pig and mouse tests.When testing to determine chemical concentrations that are deadly to fish and other aquatic life, use of the Fish Threshold Method can reduce the numbers of fish used by at least 70 percent compared with mensuration test methods. Why do companies even agree with animal experimentation? Some companies, like Clairol, supplicate that they do not use animal testing on their shampoo product, Herbal Essences. Even though they have cut down on animal testing, they have not eliminated the complete line of cosmetics and other products of animal experimentation (Consumer Companies Animals).There are also some companies, like Mothers Bath products, that do test on animals. The save difference is they shampoo their own dogs to see how it smells after being cleaned off with water. This type of procedure is not actual animal testing. The reason being is because it is not deathly and does not disparage the animals in any way. Mothers Products inventor did mention, Beyond t hese happy volunteers WE DO NOT TEST ON ANIMALS. all(prenominal) other product testing is on ourselves, friends, family. This is the best type of testing to do, on real human beings (Mothers Cupboard Bath).The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has different laws about the safety of humans wellness. In other words, the FDA and the different laws agree with animal testing. The FDA supports two different acts, the Animal Welfare spiel and the cosmos Health Service Policy and Humane Care and Use of science lab Animals (Animal Testing). The Animal Welfare Act is to assure the health of humane care and the management of dogs, cats and other certain animals that are used for look for and experimentation.As well as to make sure that humane treatment of animals during the transport to help cherish the owners of the animals from theft (U. S. Fish ). The Public Health Service Policy and Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals is a law that assures animal care for farm animals, mice a nd rats (Public Health ). The FDA feels that if animals are used instead of actual human beings, then there is no risk of taking a humans life. If animals are put under experimentation, then the loss of an animal wouldnt be as devastating as an actual person.former(a) companies like Arm Hammer, Gillette, Procter Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive, SmithKline, Beecham, and Unilever thus far test their products on animals (S. , Jeremy). Another element wherefore animal experimentation is wrong is because in multiple ways, it is pointless. The reason that companies even test their products on animals is because they are supposedly ceremonial out for our safety. Most toxic products are tested on different animals. Some toxic products that are used are soaps and detergents, oven cleaners, and toilet cleaner, etc. What is wrong with this picture?The internet site titled, Animals in Product Testing stated, no amount of animal testing can change the fact that many of these products are harmful if ingested or used in a way not intended by the manufacturer. In other words, there is no reason to force animals to swallow any toxic products, when no matter what, they would harm someone if they digested it (Animal in Product Testing). Also, many different types of drugs are very useful to human beings, but are very dangerous and deadly to animals. For example, Penicillin can help peoples lives, but actually kills guinea pigs.Another drug is Aspirin, which, in fact, causes birth defects in mice, monkeys, rats, cats, guinea pigs and dogs. Obviously, this is not a problem toward humans (Animal Rights Animal Testing). There are many reasons why animal experimentation is meaningless, but, in many ways, it can be good according to Jack Botting and Adrian Morrison. Both of these scientist claim that animal experimentation is essential because that is the only way that cures can be invented for many diseases. Also, many other medicines have been developed through animal testing.Morri son and Botting feel that there is no difference between humans and animals. Experimenting on animals helps store precise information for humans (Botting, 78). Animal testing is also unnecessary because there is not a law saying that you have to test any product on animals (Stevens). The only product that is forced by the law, to test on animals, are certain types of chemicals and pharmaceutical products (S. , Jeremy). To think that people are so cruel against animals, and there is no reason for it. Karen Lee Stevens stated, Sophisticated alternatives to the use of animals in consumer product testing are pronto available. So, from the Stevens statement, there are obviously many other ways, besides animal testing, which can be used to test different products. These different alternatives could possibly be more effective, be a better exponent for humans, have much quicker results, and it would not be involved in any kind of animal unkindness. So, why dont all companies realize that they dont have to do testing on innocent animals? There are two main reasons why it is so hard for manufacturers to use alternatives the consternation for human safety and the fright of productassurance.The first company that changed their ways of animal testing was Revlon Cosmetics. In 1979, Revlon gave $750,000 to the Rockefeller University to investigate different alternatives to test their products. Different organizations such(prenominal) as the John Hopkins Center for the Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Toiletry and Fragrance Association, the Cosmetic, the internationalist Foundation for Ethical Research, and the Soap and Detergent Association started their own research to develop different alternatives. era this research is going on, the amount of animal testing increases so that they can guarantee consistent results with the innovative alternatives (Stevens). The final reason why animal testing is so cruel is because innocent animals are being abused without reaso n. For example, many animals that are used in all of these experiments are animals that have either been stolen or are from different animals shelters. From there, they are taken to animal testing sites. All of these animal experimentation sites have been inspected, but just because the research centers are legalized, does not mean that animals arent being abused.According to Jeremy S. , A research scientist at Huntingdon Life Sciences was recently caught on videotape punching four puppies repeatedly in the face. This so-called scientist is trying to prevent humans from danger by punching puppies. The scientist tried to back up his crime by stating that he was only trying to do the puppies a favor because the product that he just made them puff was giving them terrible effects on the body (S. , Jeremy). There is no reason to do this to such young animals, or any animals for that manner.Today, many companies have turned from animal testing. They now feel that animal experimentation is a cruel process that leaves innocent animals dead for no apparent reason. Although many companies have agreed that it is an absurd process, animal testing still is a huge part of product testing (Animals in Product Testing). After all of the reasons of why animal testing is ridiculous, hopefully a law will stop the cruel process. Although, like stated in the previous paragraph, many companies have halt these practices and tests, there are many that still practice this process.Hobbes, the cat, could still be alive today if it wasnt for the companies that still believe that it is okay to test animals with products. A question that is brought up in many peoples mind is, why would animal testing still be going on if there a Overall, animal testing is expensive, time-consuming, unpredictable, and not easily reproducible from one lab to another (i. e. , results lack reliability). Because of their expense, cumbersomeness, and scientific limitations, animal tests have not adequately ad dressed the vast number of chemicals already in commercial use, nor the estimated 700 new ones introduced every year.According to Dr. Thomas Hartung, director of the Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, out of some 100,000 chemicals in consumer products,only about 5,000 have had significant testing so far because no one has the capacity for experiments using quantity methods involving animals. 7 While all new products must be tested for safety, using animals to assess human health risks is inefficient, unreliable, and has limitedif anypredictive value for what will happen in humans.Thankfully, private industry and a growing number of federal agencies are now acknowledging the superiority of alternative methods for safety testing. While alternative methods have not received the full scientific, industry, and government support that they deserve, progress is being made, as the information of alternative techniques becomes more widely recognized as a le gitimate and important area of raw material and applied scientific investigation. For example, one traditional criticism of in vitro replacement alternatives was their inability to mimic or reproduce the consequences of long-term, chronic human moving picture to toxic substances.This is no longer the case. As cell conclusion technology has evolved, it is now possible to maintain in vitro systems for sufficiently longer periods of timeweeks or months. It is not necessary to maintain such cultures for years, as is done with some typical chronic animal tests. long cell and tissue culture techniques can now allow in vitro studies of the effects of chronic, repeated exposure to toxic substances, as well as the recovery from such exposure in a shorter period of time.